Jul 27, 2026

How to Use an Incentive Spirometer: Step-by-Step Instructions

Written by Dallas Atkins

Quick Answer

An incentive spirometer encourages slow, deep breaths that help fully expand your lungs. To use one, sit upright, hold the device vertically, seal your lips around the mouthpiece, and inhale slowly until the piston or indicator rises toward your target. Hold your breath briefly if instructed, then exhale normally and repeat according to your care team's guidance.

Need help setting your target? Once you're comfortable using your device, visit our Incentive Spirometer Goal Charts guide to learn how target volumes are commonly determined.

Cover image showing an incentive spirometer with the title "How to Use an Incentive Spirometer" and highlighting eight easy steps for proper use.

Before You Begin

Before using your incentive spirometer, you'll need:

Your incentive spirometer
A comfortable chair or place to sit upright
A few uninterrupted minutes
Your target volume (if one has been provided by your care team)

How to Use an Incentive Spirometer:

Step 1: Sit Upright

Sit comfortably in a chair or at the edge of your bed if possible. Sitting upright allows your lungs to expand more easily than lying flat.

Step 2: Hold the Spirometer Upright

Keep the device vertical throughout the exercise so the indicator moves properly.

Step 3: Exhale Normally

Before placing the mouthpiece in your mouth, breathe out normally. There's no need to force all the air from your lungs.

Step 4: Seal Your Lips Around the Mouthpiece

Place the mouthpiece between your lips and create a tight seal so air flows through the device.

Step 5: Inhale Slowly and Steadily

Take a slow, controlled breath in through the mouthpiece.

As you inhale, the piston or indicator will begin to rise. Try to keep the movement smooth and steady instead of breathing in quickly.

Step 6: Raise the Indicator Toward Your Target

Continue inhaling until the volume indicator reaches your target marker or as far as you're comfortably able. Don't worry if you don't reach your target immediately—many people improve with practice.

Step 7: Hold Your Breath Briefly

Remove the mouthpiece and hold your breath for a few seconds if instructed by your care team. Then exhale normally.

Step 8: Relax and Repeat

Pause briefly before taking your next breath. Follow the schedule provided by your care team for how often to use your spirometer.

Quick reference infographic outlining the eight steps for using an incentive spirometer, from sitting upright and sealing the mouthpiece to reaching the target volume and repeating the exercise.

Bookmark or print this quick reference to help you remember the correct technique each time you use your incentive spirometer.

How to Read Your Incentive Spirometer

Diagram of a labeled incentive spirometer identifying the flow indicator, goal marker, volume indicator (piston), flexible tubing, and mouthpiece.

Most incentive spirometers include the components shown above. Understanding what each part does can make it easier to follow the step-by-step instructions and track your progress during each breathing session.

Mouthpiece: Place this between your lips to create a tight seal.
Flexible tubing: Connects the mouthpiece to the spirometer.
Flow indicator: Helps you maintain a slow, steady inhale (on models that include one).
Goal marker: Provides a visual target set by you or your care team.
Volume indicator (piston): Rises as you inhale to show your progress.

How Often Should You Use an Incentive Spirometer?

Follow the instructions provided by your care team regarding how many breaths to take and how often to use your spirometer.

Many recovery plans encourage regular breathing exercises while you're awake, but your schedule may vary depending on your individual needs.

The most important thing is to use good technique each time rather than rushing through your breathing exercises.

Use These Simple Tips for Better Technique

If your incentive spirometer doesn't seem to be working as expected, small changes to your technique can make a big difference. Use the guide below to compare the correct technique with a few common mistakes.

Infographic comparing proper and improper incentive spirometer techniques, including slow inhalation, maintaining an upright position, and common mistakes to avoid.

Troubleshooting

If the indicator isn't moving as expected:

Make sure your lips form a tight seal around the mouthpiece.
Hold the spirometer upright.
Try inhaling more slowly.
Check that nothing is blocking the moving parts.

If you're still having difficulty, contact the provider who gave you your spirometer or the supplier who provided your device.

Make Your Breathing Sessions More Comfortable

Using an incentive spirometer becomes easier with practice. These simple tips may help:

Choose a comfortable place to sit.
Pause between breaths if needed.
Keep the device nearby so it's easy to remember.
Clean the mouthpiece according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Related Resources

If you'd like to learn more about how incentive spirometers compare to other breathing devices, these resources can help:

Different Types of Spirometers – Learn about different spirometer designs and when each type is commonly used.
Incentive Spirometer Goal Charts – Ready to set your target? Use CMI Heath’s goal charts to better understand target volumes and how they're commonly determined.

Frequently Asked Questions

Should I breathe in quickly or slowly?

Take a slow, steady breath. A controlled inhale helps the indicator rise smoothly.

Can I use an incentive spirometer while lying down?

If possible, sit upright. If you can't, follow the positioning instructions provided by your care team.

What if I can't reach my target volume?

Focus on good technique and consistent practice rather than forcing the indicator higher. If you have questions about your target, talk with your medical team.